Friday, July 26, 2013

How MIT scientists taught mice to remember what never happened

A team of MIT scientists have created false memories in mice, a telling example of just how unreliable memories can be.

By Elizabeth Barber,?Contributor / July 25, 2013

Researchers have created fake memories in mice indistinguishable from the mice's true recollections, an accomplishment that has bearings on much confidence we should have in our own memories.

NYU/AP

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Here's how the mouse would tell it: I padded into a room and was shocked. Then I tiptoed into a different room. I was shocked there, too.

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But only of those mouse memories is real. The other is the invention of MIT scientists. But to the mouse, both the memories are just as true.

A team of scientists under Susumu Tonegawa at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has created false memories in mice, a feat that puts renewed attention on the foibles of human memory, an unreliable resource often called upon as a final arbiter in critical, sometimes life-or-death, situations, including trials that hinge on eyewitness statements.

?Our data demonstrate that it is possible to generate an internally represented and behaviorally expressed fear memory via artificial means,? the authors write in the paper, published in Nature.

Memories of experiences are associations of several elements ? objects, space and time, among others ? that are encoded in biochemical changes in the brain?s neurons. The total package that entails a memory is called an engram.

But where those engrams are in the brain has been unclear: are those engrams spread across the brain, forming a brain-wide network of memory creation, or are engrams stored in just one region?

That region, researchers have proposed, could be the hippocampus, a small area shaped like a ram?s horn and tucked snugly at the brain?s bottom-middle. To prove that engrams are localized to the hippocampus would require showing that it was possible to generate memories from just the activation of specifically targeted hippocampal cells.

In a previous paper, published last year in Nature, the MIT team had begun to prove that point, showing that mice would freeze in fear if scientists artificially reactivated the brain cells associated with a previous experience with electric shocking.

This latest paper, published in Science, builds on that previous work. First, the researchers placed mice in a chamber unfamiliar to the rodents, which were left to explore the space un-shocked. While there, the team labeled neurons in the CA1 region of the mice?s hippocampus with channelrhodopsin-2, a protein that activates neurons when stimulated with light.

The next day, the mice were introduced to a new room. There, the mice were shocked in their feet ? and at the same time, the team activated the neurons that had been activated in making the memory of the previous space.

On the third day, the mice were returned to the original room, where the animals froze in terror: the mice had associated the second room?s shock with the visit to the first room, in effect creating an apocryphal memory of a shock delivered in the first room. And the team had been able to identify the specific cells that make up part of an engram for a particular memory and then target those cells to reactive it.

When placed back into the second room, the mice froze similarly. That showed that the two memories were equally real to the mice, though inly one was true.

?Whether it?s a false or genuine memory, the brain?s neural mechanism underlying the recall of the memory is the same,? says Susumu Tonegawa, a professor of biology and neuroscience and co-author on the paper, published in Science, in a release.

Since human memories are more complex than mice memories, the authors said the technology is a long way from the sci-fi applications of memory inducement as imagined in the movies Total Recall or Inception. Still, the research does have bearing on how much confidence should be placed in human memory, which is notoriously often little more than fiction-making, in high stakes situations. And it also opens the floodgates to further research on memory-making that tackles the nuances of how memories, wily-little things, are made, and re-made, and made again.

?Now that we can reactivate and change the contents of memories in the brain, we can begin asking questions that were once the realm of philosophy,? said Steve Ramirez, a graduate student at MIT and a co-author on the paper, in a release. ?Are there multiple conditions that lead to the formation of false memories? Can false memories for both pleasurable and aversive events be artificially created?

?These are the once seemingly sci-fi questions that can now be experimentally tackled in the lab,? he said.

Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/feeds/csm/~3/CdHZ5qMOCV4/How-MIT-scientists-taught-mice-to-remember-what-never-happened

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Syracuse football mailbag: Will the ACC bring more fans to the Carrier Dome?

Syracuse preseason camp begins in a little over a week -- Aug. 4 to be exact -- so it's time to take a peek in the mailbox. Beat writers Michael Cohen and Nate Mink are taking a page out of Mike Waters' book and introducing the mailbag segment to the football page. They will answer readers' questions about the Orange, the Atlantic Coast Conference and college football in general.

To submit a question, email Mike at mcohen@syracuse.com or Nate at nmink@syracuse.com. You can also reach them on Twitter: @Michael_Cohen13 and @MinkNate.

How do you think the move to the ACC will affect Dome attendance?

-- Patrick Kelly

Syracuse played five games in the Carrier Dome last season, winning four. After falling to Northwestern in the season opener, the Orange knocked off Stony Brook, Connecticut, Pittsburgh and Louisville.

But despite the successful record, attendance fell by more than 2,000 fans per game on average. In 2011, an average of 40,504 fans attended each game. Last year that number dipped to 38,212.

The move to the ACC, though, should provide a nice boost. Syracuse opens conference play on Oct. 5 against Clemson, a team picked to win the conference and a quarterback picked to win the league's preseason Player of the Year award. That combination -- first ACC game, big-time national opponent -- should have the place filled.

The remaining three ACC games are dates with Wake Forest, Pittsburgh and Boston College -- all teams that SU fans have seen in the Carrier Dome recently. Boston College came to Syracuse in 2010, Wake Forest in 2011 and Pittsburgh is the other Big East school that moved to the ACC along with the Orange.

Pittsburgh and Boston College should draw nice crowds due to the ongoing and renewal of rivalries between those schools and the Orange. And Wake Forest, the next home game after Clemson, could draw a nice crowd if SU pulls another upset at home, just as it has done in each of the last two seasons (Louisville in 2012, West Virginia in 2011).

What's the football team's schedule while at Fort Drum?

-- @RonWhitingH2O via Twitter

Syracuse will return to Fort Drum for a week in August, just as the team did last year under head coach Doug Marrone. The Orange will head north from Aug. 13-16, taking part in both football and military activities. The goal will be to improve both on the football field and off of it, with an emphasis on team bonding and cohesion.

    Tuesday, Aug. 13

  • 11:15 a.m. to noon -- Activity with Syracuse football student-athletes and military personnel
  • 4:15-6:25 p.m. -- Practice
  • Wednesday, Aug. 14


  • 11:15 a.m. to noon -- Activity with Syracuse football student-athletes and military personnel

  • 4:15-6:25 p.m. -- Practice
  • Thursday, Aug. 15


  • 5-5:30 p.m. -- Syracuse football instructional clinic for children of military personnel

  • 5:30-7:20 p.m. -- Practice
  • Friday, Aug. 16


  • 8:45-10:45 a.m. -- Activity with Syracuse football student-athletes and military personnel

Do you know if head coach Scott Shafer is going to have open practices like Doug Marrone did his first couple of years?

-- @richsufan via Twitter

The annual Orange Fan Fest is scheduled for Friday, Aug. 9, on the practice fields adjacent to Manley Field House. The event runs from 4-7 p.m., during which time fans can watch the football team practice and partake in a number of other activities. (In years past there have been inflatable bounce houses, among other things.)

Practice is scheduled to run from 4:30-6:40 p.m., and afterwards fans can get autographs from players and coaches.

We will be sure to let you know if any more open practices are announced.

Follow Michael Cohen on Twitter at @Michael_Cohen13.

Source: http://www.syracuse.com/orangefootball/index.ssf/2013/07/syracuse_football_mailbag_will.html

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Saturday, July 20, 2013

GlaxoSmithKline sends execs to China to handle probe of sexual bribes

GlaxoSmithKline Plc sent its head of emerging markets to China to oversee the drugmaker?s response to a government probe of suspected economic crimes, according to a person with knowledge of the matter.

Abbas Hussain, the London-based company?s president of Europe, Japan, emerging markets and Asia Pacific, was dispatched by Chief Executive Officer Andrew Witty, said the person, who asked not to be named because he wasn?t authorized to speak about the matter. The global head of internal audit and deputy chief counsel for China are with Hussain, the person said.

Sending a senior executive such as Hussain shows Glaxo wants to be seen as a company that?s doing what?s expected of them, said Fabian Wenner, a health-care analyst with Kepler Capital Markets in Zurich. Four senior executives have been detained in the investigation involving 3 billion yuan (US$489 million) of spurious travel and meeting expenses, and trade in sexual favours, China?s Public Security Ministry said July 15.

?Investors are increasingly asking questions about this,? Wenner said today in a phone interview. ?They want more visibility.?

Hussain, 48, joined Glaxo in 2008 after 20 years at Eli Lilly & Co. The Indian-born manager is one of the 15 people on the Glaxo Corporate Executive Team that, along with Witty, manages the business.

Shares Decline

Glaxo fell 1.3% to 1,704.50 pence at 3:47 p.m. in London. Witty, who hasn?t spoken publicly about the allegations, will hold briefings on July 24 with reporters and analysts after the company announces second-quarter earnings.

Glaxo said in June it had found ?no evidence of corruption or bribery in our China business? after a four-month investigation. The internal probe came in response to a whistle- blower?s allegation that sales people in China were involved in widespread bribery of doctors to prescribe medication.

Chinese police said June 28 that senior Glaxo executives in the country were suspected of economic crimes, and on July 11 China?s Ministry of Public Security said some managers had admitted to corruption. ?These allegations are shameful and we regret this has occurred,? Glaxo said in a July 15 statement.

Other Drugmakers

Other foreign companies may also be involved, Gao Feng, head of the economic crimes investigations unit of China?s Public Security Ministry, told reporters at a July 15 briefing.

While authorities haven?t named any other companies, UCB SA said yesterday its Chinese operations were visited by local authorities.

All drugmakers are receiving visits, and UCB has ?nothing to report,? France Nivelle, a spokeswoman for the Brussels- based company, said in an interview. ?It?s business as usual,? Nivelle said. UCB fell 2.3% to 42.16 euros.

Novartis AG, Europe?s biggest drugmaker by sales, Germany?s Bayer AG and Sanofi, France?s largest drugmaker, said they haven?t been contacted by authorities in China in connection with any misconduct.

Merck & Co., the second-biggest U.S. drugmaker, also said it hasn?t been contacted by the Ministry of Public Security. Roche Holding AG said it?s not aware of any anti-corruption probes in China against the Basel, Switzerland-based company.

No Contact

Novo Nordisk A/S hasn?t been contacted by Chinese authorities and ?is, to our knowledge, not included in the investigation,? a spokesman for the Bagsvaerd, Denmark-based company said today.

AstraZeneca Plc, the biggest U.K. drugmaker after Glaxo, said in its 2012 annual report that it is investigating indications of inappropriate conduct in countries that include China. The company has no update yet, Esra Erkal-Paler, a spokeswoman, said in an e-mail.

Mark Reilly, who has led Glaxo?s business in China since 2009, left the country June 27 after his colleagues were detained. Glaxo?s finance chief in China, Steve Nechelput, has been unable to leave the country since the end of June.

Reilly returned to the U.K. on a routine, planned business trip and has been working from Glaxo?s headquarters on the response to the probe, a person with knowledge of the matter said July 15.

Efforts to clean up the nation?s US$350 billion health-care industry have gained prominence since police said last month they were investigating Glaxo. On July 17, the China Food and Drug Administration said it will ?severely crack down? on fake medications, forged documents and bribery.

www.bloomberg.com

Source: http://business.financialpost.com/2013/07/19/glaxosmithkline-sends-execs-to-china-to-handle-probe-of-sexual-bribes/

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Church completes new sanctuary 2 years after tornado

  • Overnight assault victim dies

    Overnight assault victim dies

    Friday, July 19 2013 8:25 AM EDT2013-07-19 12:25:47 GMT

    A man who police said was beaten in the middle of the street overnight, has died.More >>A man who police said was beaten in the middle of the street overnight, has died.More >>
  • Police arrest Huntsville man accused of raping baby

    Police arrest Huntsville man accused of raping baby

    Friday, July 19 2013 7:58 AM EDT2013-07-19 11:58:02 GMT

    A Huntsville man has been put on Tennessee's Top Ten Most Wanted list after he was charged with raping a 4-month-old baby.More >>Huntsville police arrested a man accused of raping a 4-month-old baby.
    More >>
  • Man leads police on chase, arrested for DUI

    Man leads police on chase, arrested for DUI

    Friday, July 19 2013 7:22 AM EDT2013-07-19 11:22:22 GMT

    Decatur Police arrested a man who led them on a chase early Friday morning.More >>Decatur Police arrested a man who led them on a chase early Friday morning.More >>
PHIL CAMPBELL, AL (WAFF) -

A north Alabama church finally moved into its new home nearly two years after a deadly tornado outbreak.

This Sunday, the congregation at the Mountain View Baptist Church in Phil Campbell will hold their first worship service in the new sanctuary.

With the help of more than 1,500 volunteers over the course of the last year, the church is now completed. Built on the same property as the one destroyed in April 2011, Pastor Sammy Taylor said this one is better than ever.

Taylor said the rebuild was made possible through the Builders for Christ group, and that construction had been non-stop since they began last summer.

The first worship service will be held at 11 a.m. Sunday morning. The following Sunday, July 28, there will be a service at 11 a.m. followed by an open house at 2 p.m. and a building dedication ceremony at 3 p.m.

Copyright 2013 WAFF. All rights reserved.

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    Source: http://www.waff.com/story/22879771/church-anticipates-opening-new-sanctuary-2-years-after-tornado

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    Friday, July 19, 2013

    Black Leaders Invoke Civil Rights into Jobs March

    Pulitzer Prize winning journalist and Center for Immigration Studies fellow Jerry Kammer wrote a piece after Monday?s march that focused on the civil right?s aspect of illegal immigration. He wrote, ?young blacks have been especially affected by job displacement as employers have hired millions of illegal immigrants.? This theme was invoked in the speeches of four Black Leaders on Monday as Kammer recounts.

    Read Jerry Kammer?s full article?here.

    Charles Butler, radio host and member of the Black American Leadership Alliance, noted that next month will mark the 50th anniversary of the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. It was there that the Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr., gave his ?I Have a Dream? speech. The 1963 march, taking place on the centennial of the Emancipation Proclamation, was a powerful appeal to the nation?s conscience that helped produce landmark civil rights legislation the following year.

    Said Butler, ?I find it so ironic 50 years later that I?m standing here, speaking at this event, a march for jobs again. ? The statistics are that by 2040 foreign-born workers will outnumber native-born workers. ? Native-born workers have been demolished ? in terms of getting jobs ? by foreign workers ? . Whose country is this at the end of the day? So when we say we want to take our country back, people say we?re racist, we?re this, we?re that. But we?re really not.?

    Frank Morris, former executive director of the Congressional Black Caucus Foundation and member of the Center for Immigration Studies Board, decried the ?devaluation of American citizenship and the racism of American immigration policy?. Morris refuted the claim that the fight for comprehensive immigration reform is a civil rights struggle. ?As an African American and a veteran of civil rights, this really gets my dander up, because this analogy is false for the most obvious reasons,? said Morris. He said the civil rights struggle in the United States involved American citizens fighting against unconstitutional laws ?often at personal risk of life.? Then he asked, ?This is considered as equivalent to non-citizens going into another country, demanding rights they do not have, and demanding that laws that were supposed to protect American citizens not be enforced? You say that?s equal?? Morris said the racism of U.S. immigration policy lies in the fact that ?non-citizens, who have violated and benefited from the violation of our laws, are having a new bill that Congress is proposing for them, that gives them more benefits, while our own citizens are tragically suffering more.?

    Wayne Dupree, a conservative activist, noted the frequent calls for compassion toward illegal immigrants. Said Dupree, ?We?re not asking for a mass deportation. We?re asking for our respect. Respect our citizens. ? Where is the compassion for American citizens? ? I ask the House of Representatives to use common sense on this problem and respect us first. Do not repeat the mistakes of 1986. Be smart this time. Protect us first, and vote down this bill. Protect us first! Protect jobs for all American citizens!

    Stephen Broden, Senior Pastor of Fair Park Bible Fellowship in Dallas, said, ?In an attempt to fix a real problem with immigration in America, our leaders have neglected their first obligation: to protect the interests of all Americans. Our leadership has an obligation, a duty, to secure our liberties as citizens of this great land. And our liberties are inextricably tied to our ability to provide for ourselves and for our families. This amnesty bill does not consider the cold, hard reality of unemployment among blacks and low-skilled Americans in today?s economy.?

    Read Jerry Kammer?s full article?here

    Source: http://remember1986.com/black-leaders-invoke-civil-rights-into-jobs-march/

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    Graphene 'onion rings' have delicious potential

    Graphene 'onion rings' have delicious potential [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 18-Jul-2013
    [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

    Contact: David Ruth
    david@rice.edu
    713-348-6327
    Rice University

    Rice University lab grows 'bottom-up' nanoribbons for the first time

    Concentric hexagons of graphene grown in a furnace at Rice University represent the first time anyone has synthesized graphene nanoribbons on metal from the bottom up -- atom by atom.

    As seen under a microscope, the layers brought onions to mind, said Rice chemist James Tour, until a colleague suggested flat graphene could never be like an onion.

    "So I said, 'OK, these are onion rings,'" Tour quipped.

    The name stuck, and the remarkable rings that chemists marveled were even possible are described in a new paper in the Journal of the American Chemical Society.

    The challenge was to figure out how such a thing could grow, Tour said. Usually, graphene grown in a hot furnace by chemical vapor deposition starts on a seed -- a speck of dust or a bump on a copper or other metallic surface. One carbon atom latches onto the seed in a process called nucleation and others follow to form the familiar chicken-wire grid.

    Experiments in Tour's lab to see how graphene grows under high pressure and in a hydrogen-rich environment produced the first rings. Under those conditions, Tour, Rice theoretical physicist Boris Yakobson and their teams found that the entire edge of a fast-growing sheet of graphene becomes a nucleation site when hydrogenated. The edge lets carbon atoms get under the graphene skin, where they start a new sheet.

    But because the top graphene grows so fast, it eventually halts the flow of carbon atoms to the new sheet underneath. The bottom stops growing, leaving a graphene ring. Then the process repeats.

    "The mechanism relies on that top layer to stop carbon from reaching the bottom so easily," Tour said. "What we get are a multiple of single crystals growing one on top of the other."

    The Tour lab pioneered the bulk manufacture of single-atom-thick graphene nanoribbons in 2009 with the discovery that carbon nanotubes could be chemically "unzipped" into long, thin sheets. Nanoribbons are being studied for use in batteries and advanced electronics and as heat sinks.

    "Usually you make a ribbon by taking a large thing and cutting it down," Tour said. "But if you can grow a ribbon from the bottom up, you could have control of the edges." The atomic configuration at the edge helps determine graphene's electrical properties. The edges of hexagonal graphene onion rings are zigzags, which make the rings metallic.

    "The big news here," he said, "is that we can change relative pressures of the growth environment of hydrogen versus carbon and get entirely new structures. This is dramatically different from regular graphene."

    Graduate student Zheng Yan, a member of Tour's lab and lead author of the paper, discovered the new route to nanoribbons while experimenting with graphene growth under hydrogen pressurized to varying degrees. The sweet spot for rings was at 500 Torr, he said.

    Further testing found the microscopic rings formed underneath and not on top of the sheet, and Yakobson's lab confirmed the growth mechanism through first-principle calculations. Yan also determined the top sheet of graphene could be stripped away with argon plasma, leaving stand-alone rings.

    The width of the rings, which ranged from 10 to 450 nanometers, also affects their electronic properties, so finding a way to control it will be one focus of continued research, Tour said. "If we can consistently make 10-nanometer ribbons, we can begin to gate them and turn them into low-voltage transistors," he said. They may also be suitable for lithium storage for advanced lithium ion batteries, he said.

    ###

    Co-authors of the paper are Rice graduate students Yuanyue Liu, Zhiwei Peng, Changsheng Xiang, Abdul-Rahman Raji and Errol Samuel; postdoctoral researchers Jian Lin, Gunuk Wang and Haiqing Zhou; Rice alumna Elvira Pembroke; and Professor Ting Yu of Nanyang Technological University. Tour is the T.T. and W.F. Chao Chair in Chemistry as well as a professor of mechanical engineering and materials science and of computer science at Rice. Yakobson is the Karl F. Hasselmann Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and professor of chemistry.

    The Singapore National Research Foundation, the Office of Naval Research, the Lockheed Martin LANCER IV program and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research supported the work. Calculations were performed on the National Science Foundation-supported DaVinCI supercomputer at Rice, the National Institute for Computational Sciences' Kraken and the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center's Hopper.

    Read the abstract at http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ja403915m

    Follow Rice News and Media Relations via Twitter @RiceUNews

    Related Materials:

    Tour Group at Rice: http://www.jmtour.com

    Yakobson Group at Rice: http://biygroup.blogs.rice.edu


    [ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

    ?


    AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


    Graphene 'onion rings' have delicious potential [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 18-Jul-2013
    [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

    Contact: David Ruth
    david@rice.edu
    713-348-6327
    Rice University

    Rice University lab grows 'bottom-up' nanoribbons for the first time

    Concentric hexagons of graphene grown in a furnace at Rice University represent the first time anyone has synthesized graphene nanoribbons on metal from the bottom up -- atom by atom.

    As seen under a microscope, the layers brought onions to mind, said Rice chemist James Tour, until a colleague suggested flat graphene could never be like an onion.

    "So I said, 'OK, these are onion rings,'" Tour quipped.

    The name stuck, and the remarkable rings that chemists marveled were even possible are described in a new paper in the Journal of the American Chemical Society.

    The challenge was to figure out how such a thing could grow, Tour said. Usually, graphene grown in a hot furnace by chemical vapor deposition starts on a seed -- a speck of dust or a bump on a copper or other metallic surface. One carbon atom latches onto the seed in a process called nucleation and others follow to form the familiar chicken-wire grid.

    Experiments in Tour's lab to see how graphene grows under high pressure and in a hydrogen-rich environment produced the first rings. Under those conditions, Tour, Rice theoretical physicist Boris Yakobson and their teams found that the entire edge of a fast-growing sheet of graphene becomes a nucleation site when hydrogenated. The edge lets carbon atoms get under the graphene skin, where they start a new sheet.

    But because the top graphene grows so fast, it eventually halts the flow of carbon atoms to the new sheet underneath. The bottom stops growing, leaving a graphene ring. Then the process repeats.

    "The mechanism relies on that top layer to stop carbon from reaching the bottom so easily," Tour said. "What we get are a multiple of single crystals growing one on top of the other."

    The Tour lab pioneered the bulk manufacture of single-atom-thick graphene nanoribbons in 2009 with the discovery that carbon nanotubes could be chemically "unzipped" into long, thin sheets. Nanoribbons are being studied for use in batteries and advanced electronics and as heat sinks.

    "Usually you make a ribbon by taking a large thing and cutting it down," Tour said. "But if you can grow a ribbon from the bottom up, you could have control of the edges." The atomic configuration at the edge helps determine graphene's electrical properties. The edges of hexagonal graphene onion rings are zigzags, which make the rings metallic.

    "The big news here," he said, "is that we can change relative pressures of the growth environment of hydrogen versus carbon and get entirely new structures. This is dramatically different from regular graphene."

    Graduate student Zheng Yan, a member of Tour's lab and lead author of the paper, discovered the new route to nanoribbons while experimenting with graphene growth under hydrogen pressurized to varying degrees. The sweet spot for rings was at 500 Torr, he said.

    Further testing found the microscopic rings formed underneath and not on top of the sheet, and Yakobson's lab confirmed the growth mechanism through first-principle calculations. Yan also determined the top sheet of graphene could be stripped away with argon plasma, leaving stand-alone rings.

    The width of the rings, which ranged from 10 to 450 nanometers, also affects their electronic properties, so finding a way to control it will be one focus of continued research, Tour said. "If we can consistently make 10-nanometer ribbons, we can begin to gate them and turn them into low-voltage transistors," he said. They may also be suitable for lithium storage for advanced lithium ion batteries, he said.

    ###

    Co-authors of the paper are Rice graduate students Yuanyue Liu, Zhiwei Peng, Changsheng Xiang, Abdul-Rahman Raji and Errol Samuel; postdoctoral researchers Jian Lin, Gunuk Wang and Haiqing Zhou; Rice alumna Elvira Pembroke; and Professor Ting Yu of Nanyang Technological University. Tour is the T.T. and W.F. Chao Chair in Chemistry as well as a professor of mechanical engineering and materials science and of computer science at Rice. Yakobson is the Karl F. Hasselmann Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and professor of chemistry.

    The Singapore National Research Foundation, the Office of Naval Research, the Lockheed Martin LANCER IV program and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research supported the work. Calculations were performed on the National Science Foundation-supported DaVinCI supercomputer at Rice, the National Institute for Computational Sciences' Kraken and the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center's Hopper.

    Read the abstract at http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ja403915m

    Follow Rice News and Media Relations via Twitter @RiceUNews

    Related Materials:

    Tour Group at Rice: http://www.jmtour.com

    Yakobson Group at Rice: http://biygroup.blogs.rice.edu


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    Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-07/ru-gr071813.php

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    D.C. Heat Wave Straining Shelter, Forcing Homeless Out In Heat

    With temperatures in the 90s, D.C.-area homeless shelters are running out of space at a torrent pace, putting homeless women and children at a serious risk, according to a report by WTOP.

    David Treadwell, the executive director of Central Union Mission, told WTOP that the shelter in Northwest Washington filled almost immediately after its doors opened Tuesday morning.

    And the story of one mother and daughter highlights just how tough it is in this kind of weather.

    WTOP:

    Shakithia Truesdale and her 4-year-old daughter spent the entire day Tuesday in a cooling center set up at the Virginia Williams Family Resource Center in Northeast D.C. Her 8-year-old daughter spent the day at camp.

    But this pregnant mother started worrying the moment she woke up, she says, about where they'll stay the night.

    "I had to call Child Protective Services because I don't have nowhere for me and my kids to sleep for the night," Truesdale says.

    The D.C. government has been tweeting out links to a map with the locations of homeless shelters and senior and cooling stations.

    If you come across anyone who needs help or shelter, the city has a number to call to get that person to a cooling center: 1-800-535-7252.

    But if you see a someone in immediate need of medical attention, the best number to call is always 911.

    "; var coords = [-5, -72]; // display fb-bubble FloatingPrompt.embed(this, html, undefined, 'top', {fp_intersects:1, timeout_remove:2000,ignore_arrow: true, width:236, add_xy:coords, class_name: 'clear-overlay'}); });

    Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/07/18/dc-heat-wave-homeless-shelters_n_3617845.html

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    LG officially names G2 as successor to the Optimus G

    LG officially names Optimus G2 as successor to the original

    LG isn't beating around the bush this evening; its Snapdragon 800-based followup to the original Optimus G will officially be known as the G2. Naturally, with so many of the smartphone's secrets already on display for the world to see, the revelation is a minor one at best, but it fills in a small piece of the puzzle for what we might expect on August 7th. With the announcement, LG is also tweaking its branding scheme by dropping Optimus from the phone's name, while also reiterating the G series as the company's flagship lineup. Curiously, LG is also hinting at future smartphones with 4:3 displays, which will be known as the Vu: series. Place your bets now on whether the affordable L series receives the same naming treatment.

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    Source: http://feeds.engadget.com/~r/weblogsinc/engadget/~3/-pgc-qewEnk/

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    Home Improvement: DIY Board and Batten | Make It and Love It

    Oh my.? Once again, I?m so surprised what a little paint and some measly pieces of wood can do.

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    We decided right after we moved in to this house, that we wanted to gussy up the dining room.? And, oh my, I?m so glad we did!

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    The room was sort of a tan color, with oak baseboards and crown molding, and carpet.? So??..we tore out the carpet (the person who originally thought carpet was a good idea in a dining room, should be punished?? Kid or no kids, spill and crumbs happen.? Grrr.), installed hardwood floor, painted the walls, painted the ceiling, primed and painted the crown molding, Trimmed out the Window, trimmed out the entryway, and??.

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    ??..added some Board and Batten.? Ahhhhh.? ((?swoon))

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    Yeah, it took some time to complete.? But I would do it again in a heartbeat.? And I surely wouldn?t appreciate it quite as much as I do, had we hired someone to do it for us (oh yeah, and we couldn?t afford to to hire someone either).

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    The Board and Batten wraps all the way around the bottom third of the dining room, and butts right up against the trimmed window.? (Yeah, the window is another satisfying project!)

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    Along the top of the Board and Batten, there?s a slight edge, about 3/4 of an inch thick.? It creates such a nice crisp line, all the way around the room.

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    And I?m kinda crazy about how it looks with our newly installed floors.? (I?m almost ready to share how we installed those bad boys ourselves and saved some cash.? We?re finishing up the kitchen section this week, and then I?ll be back with that.)

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    Okay, and because before and after pictures are even more exciting then the projects themselves, here?s the best I had.? They?re different angles, but you get the idea.? (And sadly, I should have taken more photos of the house before we began ripping things apart.? I thought I had taken so many.? But apparently not of this room, oooops.)

    ?dining room before and after

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    Oh, and in case your dining room doesn?t need an update but you?re wondering how this would look in another room?

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    The dining room is officially the first room in the house that is completely done.? (Except for replacing an outlet cover that was stepped on and broke.? Ooops.)?? But I?m so happy that we took the time to really pretty it up with this Board and Batten stuff.? It adds such nice lines and really brightens it up!

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    So, SO happy we decided to give it a try! :)

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    Would you like to tackle Board and Batten too?

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    Before you get started, you need to sit and stare at the room/area you?re making over.? Then ask yourself some questions?? Where do you want the Board and Batten to begin and end?? Do you need to re-paint?? Will you need to tear out your baseboards?? Can you make the current ones work?? How will the transition look from one space to the next, if I add it in??

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    However, don?t let those questions scare you.? I think you can make this stuff work in most spaces?..it just takes some thought.? And if you have a set up different than mine, trying searching the internet, because maybe someone has done it already and you can piggy-back off their idea. :)

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    ***Read through the tutorial completely before purchasing supplies, because what you need may differ from what I used.?

    But here?s everything I needed to complete this project:

    • 3 1/2 inch wide x 3/4 inch thick MDF (for the top of the B&B)
    • 5 1/2 inch wide x 3/4 inch thick MDF (for the base of the B&B)
    • 2 1/2 x 1/4 pieces of wood (for the vertical slats of the B&B)
    • sheets of thin paneling (for the background of the B&B)?more info about this below
    • Construction Adhesive
    • Staple Gun (or hammer and nails)
    • Paintable Caulk
    • Wood Filler
    • Electric Saw (or a hand saw?.and lots of patience)
    • Miter saw (or miter box and a hand saw)?.you?ll only need this if you?re turning a corner with your B&B
    • Primer Paint
    • Top Paint

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    If you?re painting the main section of the wall another color, do that first.? (And if you?re painting ceilings and old crown molding, do that very first.)? However, you only need to paint the top 2/3 of the wall.? The rest will be covered?..so save yourself some paint.

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    Now, measure the height of the wall you?re adding Board and Batten to and then decide how high you want it to go.? I?ve seen Board and Batten 2/3 of the wall height?.and it?s beautiful, but I went with a 1/3 of the wall height.? (However, if you?re working with a vaulted ceiling, you?ll have to play around with the measurement a bit.? Look around at finished homes too, you?ll surely find an idea that you like.)? Our walls in the dining room are 8 feet tall or 96 inches, so a 1/3 of that is 32 inches.

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    Next, is when you need to decide if you want to cover the bottom section of the wall with a smooth surface or just use the textured wall as the background of the board and batten.? I?ve seen it done both ways and if your wall is only lightly textured, I?d say go for it.? But ours is heavily textured and I just really wanted a super smooth Board and Batten background.? So, I searched Home Depot for something really smooth and cheap.? And I found this thin paneling stuff for about $15 for a 4?8 foot sheet.? It?s smooth on one side (like a white board) and brown and un-sealed on the other side.? Written on the sticker, it said that one side was smooth and the other side was paintable, so I bought several sheets.? Then, we measured pieces of the paneling that were 32 inches tall.? (Steve is using a really long straight edge that we used to lay the hardwood floors.? It worked great for making a straight line on this stuff.)

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    Then, we used a Jig Saw to cut right along the line.? (This paneling is kinda floppy, so try hard to keep it still while cutting.)? It?s pretty easy to cut but makes a bunch of dust.?

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    But before you actually put this first piece up on the wall, decide where you want each of your vertical B&B slats to be.? The reason why, is because you?ll save yourself some finishing work (meaning, less wood filling, sanding, etc.) if you position the lines where the pieces of backing meet together, behind those slats of the vertical wood pieces.

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    So, the easiest way (at least for us), was to measure the wall and then divide it by your magical number of how far apart you want each vertical slat to be.? Our studs are 16 inches apart and we initially were going to nail them into the studs, so we went with 16 inches apart.? However, the studs weren?t evenly spaced at each end and may have driven me crazy to see my slats not evenly spaced on each end, etc.? So then, we realized that those little slats were so light and weren?t going to go anywhere after they were glued, nailed and then caulked in place.? So we ditched the ?nail-each-one-into-a-stud? idea. However, we kept the 16-inches-apart idea. And made marks all the way along the top of the paneling, 16 inches apart and about 8 inches at both ends.? And then we put our big sheets of 32 inch high paneling along the wall (not glued or stapled in, only sitting there), making sure that any time we pieced the paneling pieces together, it hit right at one of the marks where a vertical slat would go.

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    Then, if you have any outlets along your wall, it?s time to do some measuring.? Measure how far from one end and how high from the bottom edge of the paneling the outlet will pop through.? (This is the white side of the paneling, just so that you could see the marker line.)

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    To get your Jig Saw in there to cut out the opening, drill a large hole within the lines of your outlet box.

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    And then place your Jig Saw inside of that hole and then cut out the rectangle for your outlet.

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    Then, be sure that your outlet openings are centered over your outlets (circled below).? And since this picture is a little closer, you can almost see the green marks, where our vertical slats will go (above each arrow).

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    When you come to something that will interrupt the flow of the B&B, be sure to measure around it and cut out the exact shape in your paneling.

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    However, if it?s not perfectly flush, remember that we?ll be caulking.? And caulking covers a LOT! :)

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    After you?re sure all of your paneling fits, glue all of it in place.? We like to used Liquid Nails?.it?s crazy strong and dries quickly (just don?t get it on your skin).? And add a few nails/staples if you want to.? But truly, this construction adhesive works incredibly well.? And the paneling isn?t super heavy.

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    Now, it?s time to add the top and bottom pieces to your Board and Batten.? I put wider MDF along the bottom and more narrow pieces along the top.? Just be sure to use a level for the top board, so that they are completely level and are even with the top edge of the paneling.? (If the paneling was slightly lower in some spots, that?s okay, you?ll be able to fill it in with caulk.? But if it?s too tall, you?ll need to cut it down.)? Also, before you nail your MDF pieces in place, remark your little vertical slat markings up onto your wall, so that they aren?t hidden beneath those pieces of horizontal wood.? (Yeah, putting the marks on the wall to begin with would have been smart.? So yeah, maybe do that! ;) )

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    If you are turning a corner with your Board and Batten, miter the corners at 45 degrees, so that they fit nice and snug.? (That just means that each end is cut at a 45 degree angle, so that they fit together nice and snug, in that 90 degree corner.)

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    And if your top or bottom board runs into anything (i.e. a window), just cut it off straight, so that it butts right up to it.

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    Then, place your slats up against the wall, and get a good look at your spacing.? Then cut each slat at the correct height, between the top and bottom horizontal wood pieces.? And because floors and walls are often times uneven, your slat heights may vary slightly.? So, measure each one individually.

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    Then, put each slat beneath your mark on the wall, level it vertically??

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    ?.then staple in place.? (You can glue it first and then staple it, but it really doesn?t need the glue if you don?t want to add it.? (The caulking will really seal it in at the end.)

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    Also, be sure that your staple (or nails) or buried beneath the surface of the wood, so that you can fill with wood filler and disguise it later on.? If the nail sticks out, you won?t be able to hide it.

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    Repeat with all of your vertical slats.

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    Now, it?s time to fill all of those holes in the short vertical slats and the long horizontal wood pieces.? Fill, fill, and fill some more.?

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    And I forgot to take pictures of this step, so I?m borrowing some pics from the Window Trimming tutorial??..but after your wood filler has dried, be sure to sand everything down, nice and smooth.

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    ***And then sand down any other hard corners or curves along your Board and Batten.? Such as, where your top and bottom pieces meet a window or an entry way, etc.? You want things to look pretty smooth and uniform, but the amount of sanding and blending is up to your preference.

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    Once you?re done sanding, vacuum up as much as possible.? Then wipe with a damp cloth to get all of that dust off and then let dry.? However, if you don?t want to wait for the wood to dry (after wiping it with a damp cloth), using denatured alcohol on a cloth will make the cloth damp enough to attract the dust but dries instantly.

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    Now you?re ready to caulk.? Oh, caulking, I love how you hide all those gaps and itty bitty mistakes.

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    And in case you didn?t see it, here?s an example of a before/during/after shot when I trimmed out my windows and then caulked and painted them.? Good ol? caulk.

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    Now, begin caulking all your cracks and gaps, hiding any imperfections.? I?m serious??this stuff is magic! :)? (Just be sure you?re using paintable caulk.)

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    But here?s my secret.? A bowl with a bit of water and some wet paper towels.? ALWAYS keep your fingers wet when working with caulk because it keeps it smooth and easier to work with.? And then you can wipe your fingers off on the towels when they get gunky.

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    Then, smooth out those lines with your wet finger.? (There are caulking tools to smooth out those lines?..but I prefer my finger.)? Then re-wet your finger, and repeat.? After every swipe, I wipe my fingers on the wet paper towels and continue on.? If your caulk is looking bumpy??just really wet those fingers and smooth it out.? Just be quick about it all, because caulk starts drying pretty quickly.

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    Then, repeat until all of your cracks are filled and smooth.

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    Now, add some primer paint to that dark paneling board.? It?s pretty dark and the primer really helped seal it.

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    Now, paint your little heart out.? If you need help painting straight lines, check out my Painting a Perfectly Straight Line tutorial.

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    And like I was explaining above, you may have some spots that need some extra sanding to help blend.? For example, the top horizontal piece came out slightly more than the vertical entry way board on the left (and that?s because the horizontal board is sitting on top of the paneling behind it).? The arrow is pointing to where I sanding it slightly, so that it blended it.

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    Here?s a close up.? See how it comes out just a bit more on the right.? I smoothed it out and rounded the edge a bit, so it blends in a little better.? And who would know whether or not it?s supposed to be like that or not.? I like it just as well?.because it adds another line.

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    Now, touch up any paint where needed???and enjoy your newly installed Board and Batten.

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    Let me know how it goes for you?..and send pictures/links if you?ve done this already and want to share! :)

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    -Ashley

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